COMPLICATIONS IN PREGNANCY

COMPLICATIONS IN PREGNANCY

COMPLICATIONS IN PREGNANC
Pregnancy is straightforward for the majority of women, but occasionally complications occur. The aim of prenatal care is to spot problems early, and hopefully resolve them. It helps to know what is happening and why, but if the problem cannot be resolved you may need extra support and help.

MISCARRIAGE

Most miscarriages occur in the first three month of pregnancy and usually begin with vaginal bleeding, followed by pain low down in the abdomen. It is important to contact your doctor if you experience any vaginal bleeding. You may have to go into hospital for a D and C (dilatation and curettage) to ensure that any remnants of placenta have been removed and in order to avoid further bleeding and possible infection.
                Losing your baby, even early in pregnancy, can be very upsetting. Many women feel a deep sense of loss and blame the miscarriage on something they have done; but it is in fact a natural way of dealing with a problem that cannot be solved, so try not to feel guilty. The next time you become pregnant your risk of miscarriage is only very slightly increased, but many women take things easy in the first few month. Unless your doctor advises against it, there is also no reason to avoid sexual intercourse.
                Sometimes a threatened miscarriage occurs; bleeding begins, but by lying down and resting for a few days the pregnancy stabilizes and continues as normal.
                A few women have a missed abortion. The usual signs of pregnancy such as tender breasts and sickness are no longer present and the woman does not feel pregnant. The uterus may be smaller than usual and an ultrasound scan can confirm that there is a lack of the fetal heartbeat or that no fetus is present.

ECTOPIC PREGNANCY

This is thankfully quite a rare condition in which the fertilized egg implants and begins to grow outside the uterus, usually in one of the fallopian tubes. As it grows the tube begins to stretch, causing a sharp pain on one side of the abdomen. Other symptoms include vaginal bleeding and feeling faint or dizzy. If you have these symptoms, you should contact your doctor immediately. The pregnancy must be

Pregnancy Time’s Special Tests

Pregnancy Time’s Special Tests

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 Tests of one sort or another are often carried out during pregnancy. A few are offered routinely to all women. Others are used where more information is needed, or a problem has occurred.

ULTRASOUND

Almost all women are now offered an ultrasound scan. Your partner may be able to come with you for the scan, and many couples find it quite fascinating. A full bladder helps to give a clearer picture as it keeps the baby quite high in the abdomen. Your stomach will be lubricated. And the scanner passed over it. Sound waves are passed into the uterus to build up a picture of the baby and the placenta. The picture on the monitor may look rather indistinct, but usually the person doing the scan can point out where the head and limbs are. Often the baby’s beating heart shows up quite clearly. In early pregnancy you can usually make out most of the baby, but later on, as the baby gets much larger, it is harder to see him all at once.
                From a medical point of view the scan is useful to confirm the date of pregnancy. Measurements may be take of the spine or head, or the long bones of the thigh. The scan date is a little more accurate than dating the pregnancy from the first day of your last period, if your periods are regular.
                Ultrasound scanning is also used to check the development of the baby, to ensure that

PRENATAL CARE

PRENATAL CARE

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Prenatal care is designed to ensure that your pregnancy is as happy and problem-free as possible by keeping an eye on your general health and wellbeing. Any problems can be picked up at an early stage and quickly treated. Taking measurements and doing tests early in pregnancy give a base line against which changes are measured. Regular trips to the doctor can be reassuring, and give you the opportunity to get to know your doctor. Prenatal care should start as soon as possible so, once your pregnancy has been confirmed, visit your doctor. He will be able to advise you on the prenatal and childbirth choices available in your area.

WHERE TO HAVE YOURBABY


Types of prenatal care

 Choosing the type of care you receive during pregnancy and for the birth of your child is very important to your health and wellbeing.
                Discuss your options with a midwife doctor or

WHERE TO HAVE YOUR BABY

WHERE TO HAVE YOUR BABY

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One of the first decisions you will need to make is where to have your baby. It is worth knowing what your options are and the advantages of each, so you can think everything through before you have to make up your mind. What matters most is having your baby where you will feel happiest and most secure. Where you choose to have your baby will depend on your own needs and preferences. It is also important to remain flexible; if a medical problem crops up during pregnancy, it may well alter your views on where you want to have your baby.

Hospital birth

Almost all babies are born in the hospital, and many parents are reassured by having access to specialist facilities and a wide range of pain relief option. If you need medical intervention such as a forceps delivery or a cesarean section, then there’s readily available nursing care tool. Many women like having a nurse on hand to help with feeding and looking after the baby, and enjoy the company of other new mothers. If you have other children, you may find a few days of resting and getting to know this newest baby invaluable before going home to resume the routine of family life.

Home birth

While some experts are against home birth, others support it and many women feel sure it is the right place for them to give birth. It avoids many of the interventions that are almost routine is some hospitals, like electronic fetal monitoring, and it is far easier to remain active and mobile in your own home than in a small hospital room. Your choices for pain relief are more limited. But women

YOU AND YOUR GROWING BABY (WEEKS 0-40)

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The first phase (weeks 0-12)

Pregnancy is divided into three phases, or trimesters. In the first, from conception until about twelve weeks, much of the hard work of growing a baby takes place.

WEKS 0-4E

The length of your pregnancy is calculated from the first day of your last period. The egg (ovum) is released from the ovary in the middle of the menstrual cycle (usually at around day fourteen). The sperm swim towards the egg, and surround it in the outer part of one of the fallopian tubes. Once one sperm has penetrate the egg, the egg’s surface changes to prevent other sperm getting through, and the fertilized egg journeys on down the tube. Six day after fertilization it has become a ball of cells that burrows into the lining of the uterus.
                Your may begin to notice slight changes, perhaps in your sense of taste, some breast tenderness, or feelings of nausea.

WEEKS 5-8

Major changes now occur as the blueprint for your baby is laid down. His main organs begin to grow and the nervous system develops. The heart begins to beat at about week six and the limbs are developing. At first they look a bit like flippers, but gradually knee and elbow joints are formed. The face also begins to develop and the mouth and tongue are already visible.
                Many women now notice they are pregnant. Your breasts may start to grow and

KNOWING YOUR ARE PREGNANT

KNOWING YOUR ARE PREGNANT



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Some women seem to know they are pregnant almost immediately. Small changes in their body or how they fell, such as extreme tiredness or nausea from very early on, alert them to the fact that they have conceived. Other women experience no believes they are pregnant.
                Whether you just `know’ deep inside, or have to keep checking the results of a home pregnancy test to convince yourself, realizing you are pregnant can open the floodgates to a whole range of emotions. You may feel over the moon one day and quit low and worried the next. Even when the baby is much wanted, many ecstatic new parents-to-be find that concerns about the future momentarily cloud their happiness. Worries about how their relationship will be affected, how to manage financial changes and, of course, the health of the baby may crop up at some time. In the first few days and weeks of pregnancy they may seem overwhelming. However, most couples find a way to slow down and tackle these concerns one by one. Making time to talk things through now will stand you in good stead later.

FIRST SIGNS

What you may notice

KNOWING YOUR ARE PREGNANT,pregnancy and chiild care ,child's care , mohter care·        Breasts my become tender and increase is size and the nipple area may become more pronounced.
·         Some women suffer from morning sickness, others have feelings of nausea which last all day. This can begin very early on, but usually starts around six weeks and improves after about twelve to fourteen weeks of pregnancy.
·         A missed period is the most obvious sign of pregnancy but occasionally a very light and scanty period may occur, which can be confusing. This happens because the normal female hormonal cycle continues despite being swamped by pregnancy hormones. If pregnancy hormones are on the low side, a small amount of bleeding can occur.
·         The need to urinate frequently is caused by pressure from the developing baby, because the uterus sits just above the bladder. You may need to get up during the night to go to the bathroom, or find yourself going frequently during the day. This usually abates as the baby grows and

PLANNING FOR A HEALTHY BABY

PLANNING FOR A HEALTHY BABY

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Planning for a baby is exciting. Nowadays, with smaller families and readily available contraception, more people the ever before choose when to start trying.
                We’re all familiar with prenatal care but Peri-conceptual care helps a woman enter pregnancy more capable of sailing through with no problems. And if both man and woman look after their health before they conceive, then in the early weeks after conception, before most women even know they are pregnant but when the human embryo is particularly vulnerable, they give their baby the best chance of developing safely.

DIET

·         Eating a healthy, balanced diet with plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables will increase your chances of conceiving,.
·         Try to avoid eating too many foods containing added sugar, refined grains ( for example, white flour, bread, pasta and rice) and saturated or refined fats and oils ( for example, animal fats, margarines and cheap cooking oils ) too often.
·         It’s probably better to have fewer drinks containing caffeine.
·         Make sure food is fresh – stale food generally has fewer vitamins and may contain molds.
·         If as a woman you need to lose weight, do it sensibly and slowly and aim to end your weight loss at least four months before trying to conceive.

IMMUNITY

Keeping fit and healthy helps your body to fight against disease, but two common infections are best avoided if at all possible in pregnancy as they can damage an unborn baby. These are rubella (German measles) and chickenpox. If you haven’t had a rubella immunization, arrange one, but ensure you don’t get